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Peter and Paul Fortress is a unique example of Russian fortification construction from the early eighteenth century. The history of the fortress is connected with the struggle of Russian people for the outlet to the Baltic Sea. For centuries these lands had been under the authority of Novgorodian principality and were part of ancient trade route 鈥淔rom the Varangians to the Greeks鈥�. Seized by the Swedes in the early 17th century, they were recovered by the Russians during the Great Northern War (1700鈥�1721).